Chapter 2 - STS

2.2 | DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOUR MAIN FORCES

Various forces act on an aircraft, all of which are related to physical laws. Ascending, descending and horizontal flight are the result of the four main forces acting on the aircraft.

The main forces are:

  • The upward force (lift)
  • Gravity (weight)
  • The propelling force (thrust)
  • The resistance (drag)

For differences in the four main forces, the following principles apply:

  • In ascending flight, lift (upward force) is greater than gravity.
  • In horizontal flight, the lift is equal to gravity.

    L = 1/2 * ρ * V2 * Cl *S

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