DronePilot Basic Light (A1/A3)
Chapter 1 | Aviation regulation
Chapter 2 | Privacy
Chapter 3 | Safety
Chapter 4 | Insurance
Chapter 5 | General knowledge

5.1 | The basics of flying

5.2 | Distribution of the four main forces

5.3 | Control surfaces

5.4 | Aerodynamic effects

5.5 | Control

5.6 | Main components

5.7 | Limits

5.8 | Checking the unmanned aircraft

5.9 | Settings of the unmanned aircraft

5.10 | Maintenance

Chapter 6 | Human Performance
Chapter 7 | Airspace
Chapter 8 | Flight Safety
Chapter 9 | Operational Procedures
Attachments
Exam A1/A3

Chapter 5 | General knowledge

5.2 | DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOUR MAIN FORCES

Various forces act on an aircraft, all of which are related to physical laws. Take-off, descent, or horizontal flight are the result of the four main forces acting on the aircraft.

The main forces are:

  • Lift
  • Weight (gravity)
  • Thrust
  • Drag

For differences in the four main forces the following principles apply:

  • In upward flight the lift is greater than the gravity.
  • In horizontal flight the lift is equal to the force of gravity.

5.2.1      Lift

  • The Venturi effect
L = 1/2 ρ * V2 * Cl * S
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