Chapter 5 | General knowledge

5.2 | DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOUR MAIN FORCES

Various forces act on an aircraft, all of which are related to physical laws. Take-off, descent, or horizontal flight are the result of the four main forces acting on the aircraft.

The main forces are:

  • Lift
  • Weight (gravity)
  • Thrust
  • Drag

For differences in the four main forces the following principles apply:

  • In upward flight the lift is greater than the gravity.
  • In horizontal flight the lift is equal to the force of gravity.

5.2.1 | LIFT

  • The Venturi effect
  • Bernoulli's Law
  • Newton's 3rd Law
L = 1/2 ρ * V2 * Cl * S

Where:

5.2.2 | WEIGHT

5.2.3 | THRUST

5.2.4 | DRAG

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